关于不可变类型的变量说明：

>>> #字符串是不可变类型的变量：是指说对应的内存值是不变得，只是指针指向变了
>>> line='nihao '
>>> id(line)
140203164189392
>>> line='buhao '
>>> id(line)
140203164189488

>>> a= [1,2]
>>> b= [3,4]
>>> a + b
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> a.extend(b)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> b
[3, 4]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> a.insert(0,100)
>>> a
[100, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> 
>>> #弹出，删除
... 
>>> a.pop(0)
100
>>> a.pop() 
4
>>> a
[1, 2, 3]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> #移除匹配第一个字符
... 
>>> a.remove(2)
>>> a
[1, 3]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> a.remove?
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    a.remove?
            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 
>>> #查找是否有这个字符
... 
>>> 1 in a
True
>>> 4 in a
False
>>> 
>>> #末尾追加字符
... 
>>> a.append(4,5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: append() takes exactly one argument (2 given)
>>> a.append(4)  
>>> a.append(5)
>>> 
>>> a
[1, 3, 4, 5]
>>> 
>>> 
>>>

元祖tuple

>>> ##元祖tuple
... 
>>> var=tuple()
>>> var=()
>>> type(var)
<type 'tuple'>
>>> 
>>> ##因为tuple是不可变的，所以他只有几个可用函数
... 
>>> var=(1,2,1,3,4,5)
>>> var.cout(1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'cout'
>>> var.count(1)
2
>>> 
>>> 
>>> var.index(5)
5
>>> var.index(3)
3
>>>

字典类型

>>> ##字典类型
... 
>>> var={}
>>> var=dict{}
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    var=dict{}
            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> var=dict()
>>> type(var)
<type 'dict'>
>>> 
>>> var = {
... '中':100
... 'zuo':200
  File "<stdin>", line 3
    'zuo':200
        ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> var = {  
... '中':100,
... 'zuo':200
... }
>>> var['中']   
100
>>> 
>>> words = ['中','左']
>>> location = [100,200]
>>> location[words.index('中')]
100
>>> 
>>> 
>>> ##拉锁函数
... 
>>> zip(words,location)
[('\xe4\xb8\xad', 100), ('\xe5\xb7\xa6', 200)]
>>> 
>>> list(zip(words,location))
[('\xe4\xb8\xad', 100), ('\xe5\xb7\xa6', 200)]
>>> 
>>> new_var = list(zip(words,location))
>>> dict(new_var)
{'\xe4\xb8\xad': 100, '\xe5\xb7\xa6': 200}
>>> 
>>> 
>>> ##注意一点，zip函数是要等长的，不然会删除部分
... 
>>> 
>>> list(zip([1,2],[3,4],[5,6]))
[(1, 3, 5), (2, 4, 6)]
>>> 
>>> list(zip([1,2],[3,4,6],[5,6,6]))
[(1, 3, 5), (2, 4, 6)]
>>> 
>>> list(zip([1,2,6],[3,4,6],[5,6,6]))
[(1, 3, 5), (2, 4, 6), (6, 6, 6)]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> list(zip([1,2,6],[3,4],[5,6,6]))  
[(1, 3, 5), (2, 4, 6)]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> ##fromkeys
... 
>>> ##fromkeys给列表赋值，生成字典
... 
>>> students=['wong','li','sun','zhao','qian']
>>> dict.fromkeys(students,10)
{'qian': 10, 'sun': 10, 'zhao': 10, 'wong': 10, 'li': 10}
>>> 
>>> 
>>> money=dict.fromkeys(students,10)
>>> ##访问字典中的值
... 
>>> money['wang']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'wang'
>>> money['wong']
10
>>> 
>>> money.get('ww')
>>> money.get('ww','100')
'100'
>>> money.get('wong','100')
10
>>> 
>>>

拆分字典

>>> ##拆分字典
... 
>>> dick.keys()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'dick' is not defined
>>> money.keys()
['qian', 'sun', 'zhao', 'wong', 'li']
>>> money.values()
[10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> money.items()
[('qian', 10), ('sun', 10), ('zhao', 10), ('wong', 10), ('li', 10)]
>>> 
>>> 
>>> money.pop('wong')
10
>>> money
{'qian': 10, 'sun': 10, 'zhao': 10, 'li': 10}
>>> 
>>> 
>>> money['nihao']=100
>>> money
{'qian': 10, 'sun': 10, 'nihao': 100, 'li': 10, 'zhao': 10}
>>> 
>>> money.setdefault('haha',1000)
1000
>>> 
>>> money
{'qian': 10, 'sun': 10, 'nihao': 100, 'li': 10, 'zhao': 10, 'haha': 1000}